Which property of the camera allows for zoom functionality in Unity?

The property of the camera that allows for zoom functionality in Unity is the fieldOfView. This property defines the extent of the observable world that is visible through the camera at any given moment, specifically in degrees. When you adjust the fieldOfView, you essentially change the camera's perspective; a lower fieldOfView results in a more zoomed-in effect, making objects appear larger, while a higher fieldOfView gives a wider view of the scene, similar to zooming out.

The reason this works is that the fieldOfView parameter directly impacts how the camera simulates viewing distance. By narrowing the field of view, it creates a zoom effect, letting players focus on specific details in the environment. Conversely, broadening the field of view can enhance the peripheral view but will reduce the zoom, spreading out the perspective over a larger area.

Other properties like viewport, aspectRatio, and depth do not affect zoom directly. The viewport defines the portion of the screen the camera's view occupies; the aspectRatio maintains the proportional relationship of the width and height of the screen; and the depth determines the rendering order of cameras but is unrelated to zoom functionality in terms of camera perspective. Thus, fieldOfView is the primary setting utilized for implementing zooming